Objective To analyze the effect of case-based learning (CBL) combined with objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessment model on the clinical comprehensive ability of medical student interns specializing in skin repair. Methods A total of 90 medical student interns specializing in skin repair who practiced in Jiangyou People's Hospital from September 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by internship batch, with 45 interns in each group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching model, and the observation group adopted the CBL combined with OSCE assessment model. The theoretical knowledge assessment, OSCE assessment, critical thinking ability and clinical comprehensive ability were compared between the two groups. Results At the end of the internship, the score of theoretical knowledge assessment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). At the end of the internship, the OSCE assessment score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). At the end of the internship, the CTDI-CV score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). At the end of the internship, the Mini-CEX score was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion In the clinical teaching of skin repair specialty, the combination of CBL and OSCE training model for medical student interns can effectively improve their mastery of theoretical knowledge and proficiency in clinical operations, while promoting the development of critical thinking and comprehensive clinical ability.