With the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of living standards, the public's pursuit of beauty has become increasingly prevalent, and the demand for facial plastic and aesthetic surgery has also shown a more diversified trend, covering multiple aspects such as facial feature remodeling, contour adjustment, anti-aging treatment and skin quality management. In this context, in-depth understanding of the psychological characteristics of people seeking aesthetic surgery is of great significance for improving the overall quality of diagnosis and treatment. Accurately grasping the psychological state of patients not only helps to establish a more effective doctor-patient communication mechanism, but also enables more accurate assessment of surgical indications, thereby formulating personalized treatment plans that truly meet the patients' needs. Currently, the psychological state of the population seeking plastic and aesthetic surgery is complexly affected by multiple internal and external factors. Internal factors include body image disturbance, special personality traits, appearance anxiety and the realization of self-worth. External factors involve social and cultural dimensions such as the catalytic role of social media and diversified information about facial plastic and aesthetic surgery. This paper aims to systematically sort out these internal and external psychological influencing factors, analyze their specific manifestations in the clinical practice of plastic and aesthetic surgery, and further provide scientific and feasible psychological intervention strategies and individualized diagnosis and treatment ideas for clinicians.