Objective To analyze the effect of digital guide plate-guided oral implantation on aesthetic outcome in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 104 patients with dentition defect admitted to Zunhua Stomatological Hospital from May 2024 to July 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 52 patients in each group. The control group received conventional implantation, and the observation group received digital guide plate-guided implantation. The aesthetic outcome, implantation effect, periodontal health indexes and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The neck distance deviation, apical distance deviation, apical depth deviation and apical angle deviation of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the plaque index, gingival index and gingival sulcus bleeding index of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (7.69%) was lower than that in the control group (17.31%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of digital guide plate-guided oral implantation in patients with dentition defect has a good effect. It can effectively improve the aesthetic effect, further optimize the implantation effect, help to improve periodontal health indexes and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.