Objective To explore the effect of implant-supported single crown restorations with different crown-to-implant ratios in the implant treatment of patients undergoing oral implantation. Methods A total of 50 patients who received oral implantation in the Department of Implant Restoration, Zhenjiang Stomatological Hospital from July 2022 to July 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was treated with implant-supported single crown restoration with a crown-to-implant ratio of <1, and the observation group was treated with implant-supported single crown restoration with a crown-to-implant ratio of 1-2. The implant loss, bone resorption, bone metabolism-related indicators and masticatory function recovery were compared between the two groups. Results The total implant loss rate of the observation group was 4.00%, which was lower than 28.00% of the control group (P <0.05). The bone resorption of the observation group at 3, 6 and 8 months after treatment was better than that of the control group (P <0.05). The levels of OPG and ALP of the observation group at 8 months after treatment were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). The excellent and good rate of masticatory function recovery in the observation group was 100.00%, which was higher than 84.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with implant-supported single crown restoration with a crown-to-implant ratio of <1, implant-supported single crown restoration with a crown-to-implant ratio of 1-2 has a better application effect in patients with dentition defect undergoing oral implantation, which can reduce the implant loss rate, improve bone resorption and bone metabolism-related indicators, and is conducive to promoting the recovery of patients' masticatory function.