Objective To explore the effect of periodontal splint combined with orthodontics treatment on masticatory function and aesthetics in patients with fan-shaped displacement of anterior teeth caused by periodontitis. Methods A total of 59 patients with fan-shaped displacement of anterior teeth caused by periodontitis admitted to Suqian Hospital, Jiangsu Province Hospital from March 2017 to January 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group (29 patients) and the observation group (30 patients) by the random number table method. The control group received periodontal splint treatment, and the observation group received periodontal splint combined with orthodontics treatment. The masticatory function, aesthetics and inflammatory factor levels were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the occlusal force and masticatory efficiency of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of color, shape and deviation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Periodontal splint combined with orthodontics treatment can effectively treat fan-shaped displacement of anterior teeth caused by periodontitis, promote the recovery of masticatory function and the regression of inflammation, and achieve better aesthetic effect, which is worthy of clinical application.