Objective To explore the effect of the nursing model based on the Health Action Process Approach on dental aesthetics in patients undergoing immediate implant placement for tooth loss. Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing immediate implant placement for tooth loss admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January to June 2022 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing, and the observation group received the nursing model based on the Health Action Process Approach. The self-management ability, complication rate, masticatory function and dental aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results After nursing, the scores of self-management ability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (5.00%) was lower than that in the control group (27.50%)(P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency and occlusal force of the observation group after nursing were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The dental aesthetics scores in the observation group after nursing were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of the nursing model based on the Health Action Process Approach in patients undergoing immediate implant placement for tooth loss can effectively improve patients' self-management ability, enhance their masticatory function and dental aesthetics, and reduce the incidence of complications.