Anxiety associated with orthodontics treatment is a key factor affecting patient compliance and treatment outcomes. Currently, it is believed that anxiety originates from treatment operation stimulation, cognitive evaluation bias and neuroendocrine responses, and is modulated by personality traits, age stages and treatment methods. In recent years, clinical practice has verified the effectiveness of multi-dimensional cognitive-behavioral interventions, drug-assisted therapy, and the application of digital orthodontics appliances in anxiety management. This review systematically analyzes the research progress on the multi-dimensional pathogenesis, influencing factors, assessment tools and intervention strategies of orthodontics anxiety, aiming to provide a reference for the identification, assessment and intervention of anxiety in clinical orthodontics diagnosis and treatment.