Dental fear is a common negative psychological state among patients undergoing orthodontics treatment, manifested as excessive fear and avoidance of the orthodontics diagnosis and treatment process, instruments and effects. It is a key factor restricting the quality of diagnosis and treatment and the patient's medical experience, which can directly reduce treatment compliance, even lead to treatment delay or interruption, and affect the achievement of oral function and aesthetic improvement goals. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the factors causing dental fear in patients during orthodontics treatment. Focusing on the orthodontics treatment scenario, this paper systematically sorts out the relevant research progress in recent years, and discusses from five dimensions: causes, influencing factors, assessment tools, the influence of dental fear on orthodontics treatment, and intervention measures. It is expected to provide reference for clinical workers to better deal with patients' fear and improve the quality of orthodontics treatment and patient satisfaction.