Objective To explore the effect of orthodontics combined with prosthodontics therapy on masticatory function in patients with deep overbite and severe mandibular anterior tooth wear. Methods A total of 80 patients with deep overbite and severe mandibular anterior tooth wear admitted to the Department of Prosthodontics, Yancheng Stomatological Hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received orthodontics treatment, and the observation group received orthodontics combined with prosthodontics therapy. The masticatory function, quality of life, satisfaction with anterior aesthetic restoration and dental restoration aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The masticatory efffciency of the observation group at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The OHIP-14 scores of the observation group at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction score with anterior aesthetic restoration of the observation group at 12 months after treatment was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The dental restoration aesthetics scores of the observation group at 12 months after treatment were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Orthodontics combined with prosthodontics therapy has a synergistic effect in the treatment of deep overbite with severe mandibular anterior tooth wear. This therapy can not only improve masticatory efffciency but also perform well in enhancing anterior aesthetic effect and patient satisfaction with restoration appearance, thereby improving patients' quality of life.