Objective To analyze the effect of oral implant restoration on masticatory function and articulatory function in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 70 patients with dentition defect diagnosed and treated in Yancheng City Dafeng People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional framework-supported removable partial denture restoration, and the observation group was treated with oral implant restoration. The clinical efffcacy, masticatory function, articulatory function and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group (97.14%) was higher than that of the control group (74.29%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of masticatory efficiency, masticatory stability, masticatory speed and masticatory pain in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of articulatory phonetics, articulatory movement and oral motor movement in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (2.86%) was lower than that in the control group (22.86%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of oral implant restoration in the treatment of dentition defect has an ideal clinical effect. It can effectively improve masticatory function and articulatory function, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.