Objective To compare the application effects of Douban matrix and transparent resin matrix in resin restoration of proximal caries in anterior teeth. Methods A total of 80 patients with proximal caries in anterior teeth admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Jiangning District Dongshan Subdistrict Community Health Service Center from April 2023 to June 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the control group (n=40) and the observation group (n=40) by the random number table method. The control group was treated with Douban matrix for resin restoration, and the observation group was treated with transparent resin matrix. The marginal gap of restorations, recovery rate of proximal contact points, and color matching degree of restorations were compared between the two groups. Results The marginal gaps of restorations in the observation group at 1 week and 1 year after operation were smaller than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of good recovery of adjacent contact points in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant difference in the proportion of excellent color matching of restorations between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both Douban matrix and transparent resin matrix can achieve good color matching effect of restorations in resin restoration of proximal caries in anterior teeth, but the transparent resin matrix has better marginal sealing of restorations and higher recovery rate of proximal contact points, which is worthy of clinical application.