Objective To analyze the effect of glass ffber post and resin core on aesthetic effect and masticatory function in patients undergoing restoration of maxillary anterior region. Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing restoration of maxillary anterior region in our hospital from January 2022 to June 2025 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the reference group and the observation group, with 40 patients in each group. The reference group received resin restoration alone, and the observation group received glass ffber post and resin core restoration. The aesthetic effect, masticatory function, periodontal indexes and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results At 3 months after restoration, the scores of WES and PES in the observation group were higher than those in the reference group (P<0.05). At 3 months after restoration, the maximum occlusal force, maximum occlusal contact area, masticatory efffciency and occlusal force asymmetry index in the observation group were better than those in the reference group (P<0.05). At 3 months after restoration, the gingival index, plaque index, sulcus bleeding index and tooth mobility in the observation group were superior to those in the reference group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the observation group (7.50%) was lower than that in the reference group (25.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of glass ffber post and resin core in restoration of maxillary anterior region can enhance aesthetic effect, improve patients' masticatory function, further optimize periodontal health status and reduce the incidence of adverse events, which is worthy of clinical application.