Objective: To evaluate the effects of glass ionomer cement (GIC) combined with composite resin on gingival health and restorative durability in patients with cervical dental lesions. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 80 patients with cervical defects. The participants were divided into an observation group (GIC liner combined with composite resin restoration) and a control group (composite resin restoration alone), with 40 cases each. Gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PD), restoration retention rate, marginal adaptation, wear volume, and patient subjective satisfaction (VAS scores) were compared between the two groups at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Results: At 6 and 12 months, the observation group exhibited significantly lower GI, BOP, and PD compared to the control group (P<0.05). The restoration retention rate (95.0% vs. 77.5%), marginal adaptation (38.2±5.1 μm vs. 62.5±7.3 μm), and wear resistance (0.08±0.03 mm3 vs. 0.15±0.05 mm3) were markedly superior in the observation group (P<0.05). Additionally, postoperative sensitivity VAS scores (1.21±0.42 vs. 3.81±0.92) and aesthetic satisfaction (8.93±0.73 vs. 7.52±1.12) were significantly improved (P<0.001). Conclusion: The combined use of GIC and composite resin effectively enhances periodontal health, restorative durability, and patient satisfaction, offering a superior clinical option for cervical dental lesions.