Objective To explore the effect of adsorptive complete denture restoration on masticatory function and satisfaction in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 50 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Prosthodontics, Yancheng Stomatological Hospital from January to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the control group (n=30) and the observation group (n=20). The control group was treated with conventional complete denture, and the observation group was treated with adsorptive complete denture. The denture retention and stability, masticatory function, aesthetics and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results At 6 months after treatment, the scores of denture retention and stability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the occlusal force and masticatory efffciency in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the observation group (95.00%) was higher than that of the control group (60.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with dentition defect, the application of adsorptive complete denture is conducive to improving denture retention and stability, enhancing masticatory function, elevating aesthetics and increasing patient satisfaction.