Objective The study explores the role of medical recombinant collagen protein composite solution dressings in promoting wound healing after hair transplantation. Methods: 280 patients who underwent hair transplantation surgery in our hospital from December 2022 to November 2024 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method, with 140 cases in each group. The control group was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to clean the hair transplantation area and apply mupirocin ointment externally to prevent infection; the observation group was additionally treated with medical recombinant collagen protein composite solution dressings. The effects of the two groups on wound healing time after hair transplantation were compared. Results: The wound healing time, scab formation time, scab shedding time, and redness/edema subsidence time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the infection rate in the observation group was 2.14%, which was lower than 12.86% in the control group (P < 0.05); the satisfaction score of the observation group was (8.43 ± 0.97) points, which was higher than (7.12 ± 1.28) points in the control group (P < 0.001); the total effective rate of the observation group was 97.86%, which was higher than 85.00% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Medical recombinant collagen protein composite solution dressings provide a favorable microenvironment for hair follicle growth, promote wound healing after hair transplantation, reduce infection rates, improve scar appearance, and improve patient satisfaction. It has good safety and clinical application value.