Objective Analyze the efficacy of light-cured composite resin in anterior dental aesthetic restoration to provide a reference for optimizing anterior dental aesthetic restoration protocols. Methods Select 80 patients undergoing anterior dental aesthetic restoration at Rudong County People"s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 and randomly divide them into groups. The control group received glass ionomer, while the study group was treated with light-cured composite resin for anterior dental aesthetic restoration. Compare the restoration outcomes, dental aesthetic scores, periodontal indices, and complications between the two groups. Results The research group demonstrated superior restoration efficacy (P<0.05); the research group scored higher in aesthetics, comfort, language, and mastication (P<0.05); the research group showed lower scores in post-treatment plaque index, gingival sulcus bleeding index, and gingival index (P<0.05); the research group had a lower overall complication rate (P<0.05).Conclusion The use of light cured composite resin in cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth can significantly improve the restoration effect and dental aesthetics, promote the improvement of patients" periodontal health, and reduce the risk of complications.