Objective To explore the effect of layered aesthetic resin restoration on the clinical quality of restoration and aesthetic effect in patients with anterior tooth defect. Methods A total of 80 patients with anterior tooth defect admitted to Stomatological Hospital Afffliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional direct resin restoration, and the observation group was treated with layered aesthetic resin restoration. The clinical quality of restoration, clinical efffcacy, aesthetic effect and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of marginal adaptation and surface smoothness of the restoration in the observation group after restoration were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group (90.00%) was higher than that of the control group (70.00%) (P<0.05). The scores of color matching, shape coordination and overall aesthetic satisfaction in the observation group after restoration were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that in the control group (30.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion For anterior tooth defect restoration, the application of layered aesthetic resin technology can not only ensure the stability of the restorative effect, but also improve the aesthetic degree. The restoration formed by this technology has high clinical quality and low incidence of complications.