Objective To explore the effect of nano-composite resin on aesthetic effect and masticatory function in patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 70 patients (100 affected teeth) undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to Peixian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to December 2023 were selected, and they were divided into the reference group and the study group by the random number table method, with 35 patients (50 affected teeth each) in each group. The reference group was treated with light-curing composite resin restoration, and the study group was treated with nano-composite resin restoration. The clinical efficacy, masticatory function, aesthetic effect and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of treatment in the study group (97.14%) was higher than that in the reference group (77.14%) (P<0.05). The masticatory function of the study group after treatment was better than that of the reference group (P<0.05). The aesthetic effect scores of the study group were higher than those of the reference group (P<0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The application of nano-composite resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth can improve clinical efffcacy and aesthetic effect, enhance patients' masticatory function, and does not increase the incidence of related complications.