Objective To analyze the effect of whole-process nursing intervention based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice concept on self-care behavior and aesthetic effect in patients undergoing orthodontic traction of impacted tooth. Methods A total of 88 patients undergoing orthodontic traction of impacted tooth who visited Hefei Stomatological Hospital from January to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the study group by the random number table method, with 44 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing intervention, and the study group received whole-process nursing intervention based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice concept. The compliance of self-care behavior, aesthetic effect and satisfaction with facial soft tissue aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The compliance score of self-care behavior in the study group at 6 months after intervention was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The gingival pink esthetic score and tooth white esthetic score in the study group at 6 months after intervention were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of satisfaction with facial soft tissue aesthetics in the study group at 6 months after intervention were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The whole-course nursing intervention based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice concept can improve the compliance of self-care behavior in patients undergoing orthodontic traction of impacted tooth, and improve the aesthetic scores of gingiva and teeth as well as the satisfaction with facial soft tissue aesthetics, which has good clinical application value.