Objective To explore the effect of specialized refined oral nursing on oral health status in patients with maxillary posterior tooth loss. Methods A total of 120 patients with maxillary posterior tooth loss who were scheduled to undergo maxillary sinus elevation for dental implantation in Yinchuan Stomatological Hospital from January 2024 to May 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing, and the observation group received specialized reffned oral nursing on the basis of the control group. The surgical indicators, oral health status, aesthetic effect and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of each oral health indicator and total score of the observation group at 6 months after operation were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of each aesthetic effect indicator of the observation group at 6 months after operation were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (5.00%) was lower than that in the control group (16.67%) (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with maxillary posterior tooth loss scheduled to undergo maxillary sinus elevation for dental implantation, the implementation of specialized reffned oral nursing can effectively optimize the perioperative process, improve patients' oral health status, promote the recovery of function and aesthetic effect, and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.