Facial aging is a multi-factor and multi-level complex process involving skin, fat chamber, muscle and bone. As a natural, safe and durable facial rejuvenation method, autologous fat grafting has attracted wide attention in recent years due to its good biocompatibility and natural filling effect. Autologous fat grafting can fill facial depressions, restore facial volume, and improve skin quality. The emergence of nano-fat grafting technology has improved the survival rate and grafting effect of adipocytes. This article reviews the mechanism of facial aging, the application status and future development direction of facial fat grafting, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice and promote the application of facial autologous fat grafting in facial rejuvenation.