Objective To explore the effect of treatment following the technical principles of plastic and cosmetic surgery in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma and its impact on facial aesthetic degree. Methods A total of 60 patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital from January 2022 to April 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the study group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received the treatment following the standard of general surgery, and the study group received the treatment following the technical principles of plastic and cosmetic surgery. The wound healing situation, scar length, recovery situation, f acial aesthetic degree and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of wound healing in the study group (93.33%) was higher than that in the control group (70.00%) (P <0.05). The scar length in the study group was (1.20±0.14) cm, which was shorter than (1.71±0.26) cm in the control group (P <0.05). The wound healing time, pain time and swelling time in the study group were all shorter than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of overall facial aesthetic degree, skin color and facial symmetry in the study group were all higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (3.33%) was lower than that in the control group (26.67%) (P <0.05). Conclusion By performing the treatment following the technical principles of plastic and cosmetic surgery, the patients have better wound healing, shorter scar length, better recovery and facial aesthetic degree, and fewer complications.